Gave this theory in his book 1944. Scientific theory of culture after studying trobriand islanders
need is a system of conditions of an organism in a cultural setting that is necessary and sufficient for the survival of organism and the group.
Humans have certain biological needs. Vital needs create a response hunger creates eating and response in in a satisfaction. Sleep up required safety and rejuvenation is the outcome. Thirsty action liquid intake result quenching satisfaction.
These vital sequences are incorporated in every culture.
Give seven basic needs. Metabolism growth reproduction comfort safety health and mobility.
Satisfied by commissariat, kinship shelter marriage Hygeine activities training protection.
This basic needs and their satisfaction lead to secondary needs like socialization which creates education. Control behaviour social control. Exert authority political organisation.
Over a period of time am the habits become the values and passed on from parents to children as customs. This creates integrative need which is expressed by religion art and culture.
Theory is relevant because it reveals biological psychological and sociological aspects of culture. Better insight. Various perspectives. Can be used for bringing social change.
Criticism. Not every activity as a function. Many also have conflict. Drug addiction is not a need. Ignore structural aspects that lead to religion and creates man as very logical. Ignore chance.